Motorola Press Release

â€Å"Motorola will unveil a host of new groundbreaking products, partnerships and technologies. Motorola, in its consistent effort to innovate and reinvent, is enhancing the experience of what it calls â€Å"seamless mobility† by expanding its line-up of new products †¦ the ultimate combination of cool, cutting-edge technology and fashion-forward design. The new technologies promise to deliver easy, uninterrupted access to the information, entertainment and communications that people want.† (Newswire Association,1996) What is the key challenge or opportunity in this article? The article has talked about Motorola launching new products, partnerships and technologies. Motorola aims to connect people and give them access to information effortlessly anytime and any where.   That is also the main challenge to Motorola, to make that a reality. What are the underlying causes of the situation? People nowadays are busier than ever thus they need more information and data in their work and activities anytime and anywhere.   It is because of these facts that Motorola has decided to launch these new products. What did the company do, or, what strategy did the company employ to address the challenge or opportunity? Motorola saw an opportunity to widen its market and has forged new partnerships and launched new products in order to address the needs identified above. What may be the implication? Implication would be a wider market for Motorola thus more profits for the company. What do you think about this? Motorola has done a good thing by keeping up with the times and most especially with the demand.   A company that doesn’t improve its services and products will stagnate  and sooner or later will die.   That is why it is very important to always identify the needs of the clients and addressed those needs and Motorola has done just that. What is going on in the global and or industry environment? Nowadays, people are busier than ever.   People engage in numerous activities that enhance and enrich their lives.   They are always on the go, rarely sitting still.   People are also more competitive than ever most especially in the boardroom.   These are the developments in the society that Motorola has seen and has addressed.   Also, nowadays, the better the technology, the better.   Price is, most often than not, no object that is why Motorola has focused on creating great products regardless of the price. What may be a competitive response? The response would be that other companies would launch their own products addressing the identified needs.   The products may even be â€Å"identical† to what Motorolla has only repackaged. Bibliography: PR Newswire. (1996). MultiVu Video Feed: Motorola Unveils New Products, Partnerships and Technologies for Second Half of 2006.     Retrieved September 12, 2006, from PR Newswire Website: http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi- bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/07-24-2006/0004402638&EDATE=         

Allama Iqbal and the Concept of Muslim Nation

IQBAL' S CONTRIBUTION TO THE REAWAKENING OF THE MUSLIM WORLD Muhammad Aman Hob ohm Some time before his death the poet and philosopher Mohammad Iqbal, in whose memory this meeting is held, wrote the following quatrain: â€Å"When I depart from this world everyone will say: â€Å"He was known to me But in truth, none knows this traveller, Or what he said, and to whom nor whence he came. â€Å"I have neither the good fortune of knowing Iqbal personally nor am 11 an Iqbal scholar. When I was asked by the Honorary General Secretary, Pakistan Cultural Group, to participate in this meeting and to share with you some of my thoughts on the contribution made by Mohammad Iqbal to the renaissance of the Muslim World in general and to the re-awakening of Muslims of pre-partitioned India in particular, I accepted, mainly for the following two reasons:Firstly I feel that as a Muslim whose own understanding of Islam has been deeply influenced by Iqbal it was my duty to join you in paying homage to this great and noble soul repaying some of the debt of gratitude I owe him for enlightening me through his writings on so many aspects of Islamic teachings and for in-creasing my love and respect for the Messenger (peace be upon him) — and his message through Iqbal's inspired exposition of the religion of Islam, — the religion of my choice.Secondly acceptance of your kind invitation to address tonight lies in the fact that I hail from a country for which Iqbal has always had the highest esteem and what is more, a deep and abiding love and admiration i. e. Germany. Iqbal himself tells us in the preface to Payam-e-Mushriq the book in which his art has probably reached the height of power and perfection, that of the two great sages who have influenced him more than anyone else in his career as a thinker and poet, one was Maulana Jalal-ud-Din Roomi — who hailed from the East, the other was Goethe, who came from West.Iqbal went to Germany in 1906 when he studied p hilosophy at the Universities of Heidelberg and Munich. He presented his doctoral thesis entitled â€Å"The Development of Metaphysics in Persia† to the Munich University which, in November 1907, conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. His thesis was an original contribution to the subject and it still retains its importance. During his stay in Heidelberg and Munich he developed deep admiration for Germany, German thought, and poetry.As every scholar of Iqbal knows there are innumerable instances in his writings, his letters and in recorded conversation with him which clearly indicate that the works of German philosopher and poets have been a source of great inspiration to him. I have in my possession a number of letters which Iqbal wrote to his German tutor in Heidelberg. These letters, some of them written in fluent German, express his love and admiration for Germany in a most touching and convincing way. â€Å"It is impossible for me†, writes Iqbal to h is tutor â€Å"to forget your beautiful country where I have learned so much†. My stay in Heidelberg is nothing now but a beautiful dream. How I'd wish I could repeat it†. â€Å"I am very fond of Germany. It has had great influence on my ideals, and I shall never forget my stay in that country†. Never shall I forget the days I spent at Heidelberg, where you taught me Goethe's Faust, those were very happy days, indeed†. — And a final quotation, â€Å"Germany was a kind of second home to my spirit. I learned much and I thought much in that country. The home of Goethe has found a permanent place in my soul†.Iqbal's stay in Europe from 1905 till 1908 has had, I think one can call it, â€Å"revolutionizing† effect on his attitude to life, and nowhere does this find a more forceful expression than in his poetry. Iqbal's career as a poet began during his school days. His earlier poems show him as a lover of nature and as a patriot to his count ry, undivided India. Iqbal was, indeed, an ardent Indian nationalist, until he went abroad. However, during his stay in Europe he had an opportunity of studying modern nationalism at close quarters in its arious manifestations, with the- result that he came to realize the fundamental, antithesis between the narrow creed of racial and geographical loyalty and the broad humanistic outlook of Islam. Now he was no longer the poet of a particular nations. Despite he became the poet of Islam, and as such I dare say the poet of humanity. Likewise, his penetrating study of Western philosophy and social thought at their source, so to say, his stay in Europe enabled him probably as the first Muslim in Modern lines, — to study Islam in the light of modern philosophical concepts.In this process and this is significant as it shows the mettle of which Iqbal was made, his faith in his religion — Islam and significance and lasting character of the fundamental values of Islam which far from weakening, gained so much in strength and conviction and assumed such dimensions that from now on he devoted himself wholly and solely to The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam — to use the title, of his well known collection of lectures on the subject — he became the foremost Muslim thinker of our age.But we cannot say him the philosopher of Islam, for he was far more than a mere lover of wisdom. His feet were too firmly planted in the earth. The very essence of his teachings was movement, dynamism, creative activity and not passive contemplation. Art thou alive? Be enthusiastic, be a creator, Be a conqueror of the Universe like me Smash the World into pieces if it does not suit thee And bring forth another world from the depth of thy being It is irritating for a free man to live in a World made by othersHe who is devoid of creative power Is naught for me but an infidel and a heretic. This is the spirit which made him take upon himself the gigantic tas k of rousing millions of fellow countrymen, millions of human beings and making them cast off the moral inertia which had paralysed their mind and spirit in the course of centuries. And this is also the spirit which prompted him, perhaps even compelled him to associate himself actively with politics from the later 1920s till the day of his death. It is because the political ideas such as are taking shape in India today, may affect the structure of Islam†, Iqbal is reported to have said, â€Å"that I am interested in politics†. And he said elsewhere: â€Å"Politics has its roots in the spiritual life of man — Religion is a force of great importance in the life of the individual as well as of nations†. â€Å"And religion which in its highest manifestations is neither dogma nor priesthood nor mere ritual, can alone ethically pre-pare modern man for the burden of the great responsibility which the advancement of modern science necessarily involves†¦.It i s only by rising to a fresh vision of his origin and future, his whence and whither, that man will eventually triumph over a society motivated by an inhuman competition and a civilization which has lost its spiritual unity by its inner conflict of religious and political values†. So far Iqbal, the political thinker and visionary, who in this capacity too has found a place in history, through his famous presidential address at the Annual Session of the All India Muslim League at Allahabad in December 1930, in which he gave the world the concept of a consolidated, independent Muslim State in the Indo-Pakistan Sub-Continent.He thus became the founder, the originator of the Pakistan idea, though the word â€Å"Pakistan† was not coined by him. Iqbal's unique contribution to Muslim thought is his concept of the Ego and of the perfect man, as other speakers tonight are likely to dwell upon at length. This is a point, should like to make according to Iqbal –man can achie ve his highest possibilities only within and through society. This society must, however, fulfil certain conditions which Iqbal has formulated very clearly and which I may be permitted to enumerate, because of the importance which I personally attach to them.The ideal society must have a spiritual basis which is provided by the principle of Tawhid. â€Å"The state according to Islam, is only an effort to realize the spiritualism in a human organization†. â€Å"Islam, as a policy, is only a practical means of making this principle, the principle, of Tawhid, a living factor in the intellectual and traditional life of mankind. It demands loyally to God, and, this in my opinion is a pointed reference to British raj in lndia, not to thrones. And since God is the ultimate spiritual basis of all life, loyalty to God virtually amounts to man's loyally to his ideal nature. Iqbal further insists that it must centre around the Prophet (peace be upon him), that it must have a code †” the Holy Quran and a focus — Mecca, and it ought to apply itself to conquering the forces of nature. Iqbal was convinced that the decadence of the East as it obtained in his days and before, its economic and political disintegration were caused to a large ex-tent by its neglect of science. But let us not forget that he also demanded that his ideal society must maintain traditions, for traditions are a factor of stability. His ideal society is the Ummah as envisaged by Islam.His ideal man the Prophet (peace be upon him). At a time when the East was in an extremely distressing and difficult situation, defeated and humiliated by an adversity who seemed to be all powerful while the West stood at the apex of its glory, when no one would have given a frame for the Muslims and their future – he brought out in verse/and rhyme/and prose — thus laying the foundation for the resurgence of Islam of which we are witnesses — he brought out restated fundamentals, na y essentials of Islam in a clarity which cannot be surpassed.And by doing so he restored confidence in the hearts of millions of our brethren, fortified their belief and gave them new hope for the future. A future — and that was Iqbal's most cherished vision — in which alI Muslims would form an indivisible community, united in the belief that their religion, the religion of Islam — and here I may be permitted to quote Iqbal once again — that their religion, i. e. Islam is not a departmental affair. That is neither mere thought nor mere feeling, nor mere action; that it is the expression of the whole man. May God bless his soul.

Causes of Unrest in Middle East and North Africa

Causes of Unrest in Middle East and North Africa Historians and philosophers, political scientists, economists, and sociologists are trying to identify the root causes of social unrest and their implications in the Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa in the end of the first and the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century. There are quite a lot of factors serving as the foundation for social unrest in the ME and NA. They are both objective and subjective. The bases of social revolutions are mainly domestic factors, though not without external assumptions. The root causes of the revolutionary upheavals in the Arab world and the Middle East and North African crisis lie in the limited model of modernization, which has led to a disproportionate, extensive and slow development of the region. [1] In January 2014, the Arab world has noted the fourth anniversary of the event, which journalists dubbed as the â€Å"Arab Spring â€Å". Indeed, at first, the world started to witness â€Å"iconic† events occur ring in the region, where the resignation of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who ruled the country since 1987, on January 14 2011, launched the cascade known as the domino effect. Later, on the 11th of February 2011 the fall of Tunisian president was followed by the most sensational resignation of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, who ruled the country since 1981. In combination with the removal of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi (who ruled from 1969) on the 20th of October 2011, events of the â€Å"Arab Spring† began to be perceived and interpreted as signs of radical changes in the entire Arab region, and more broadly within the whole Islamic World [1] . The nomination of main slogans demanding the democratisation of public institutions of government had a dual effect on the countries of the region. Firstly, the â€Å"spring tide† having swept away a number of Middle Eastern regimes, still failed to overthrow the most powerful outposts of authoritarianism w ithin the region [2] . These authoritarian outposts are personified by Arab Monarchies of the Persian Gulf [3] , who happen to be traditional allies of the USA. Reluctance to initiate the reforms for the liberalisation of the regime led to them being discredited in the eyes of the global community as well as the indigenous peoples of the region. And secondly, the events of the last decade, beginning with the US invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq [4] have led, in combination with crisis of power in Egypt and Syria, to the elimination of the political culture and institutions of the Middle East, by knocking out the traditional â€Å"heavyweights† of the Middle East: Iraq, Egypt and Syria. All of these events together resulted in the emergence of activity of those labelled as â€Å"outsiders† by the Arab world. These non-Arab â€Å"outsiders† are primarily Iran and Turkey. The failure of the revolutions to lay foundation for new Political, Economic and Social instit utions has been replaced by simple â€Å"reshuffling of spheres of power and influence. And in Iran, a â€Å"green movement† has been chosen as an alternative path [5] . Throughout the course of the revolution, there were strong expectations that the Middle East was entering a period of democratic development [6] , which was said to achieve all of the attributes of a free civil society, which had for so many years existed in Western countries. However, further advancement of the situation in the region has led to an increase in the influence of supporters of critical perception of the nature and probable consequences of this rebellious movement not only for countries of that region, but also for the whole system of modern international relations. Western experts have increasingly highlighted the ambiguity of this phenomenon for the fate of the entire region, by agreeing on the fundamental reshaping of the entire system of â€Å"balance of forces†. This choir is partic ularly dominated by the notable work of Efraim Inbar, an Israeli expert and his work â€Å"The Arab uprisings and national safety of Israel.†According to Inbar, all what is happening in the region, will not deliver any positive outcomes in terms of stability and regional security† [7] . Despite the secular influence of Western culture, none of the Arab States managed to build a stable, democratic society, based on the ideas of civil liberties, political rights, a system of universal education, gender equality and economic development. The â€Å"democratic† elections in Lebanon in 2005 and Palestine in 2009 brought to power of the Islamists, indicating that the imperfection of the civil society in the Arab world. The most dangerous version of the situation under the influence of the â€Å"Arab Spring† and according to Inbar, there will be an emergence of nuclear Iran, who may ultimately win some time to complete work on its nuclear program and put the globa l community fait accompli. This may result in a â€Å"chain reaction† when other countries region will aim to commence the development of their own nuclear programs, seriously complicating the national security of Israel, which as of now is the only nuclear Power in the conflict-laden region. Activation of Iran on the foreign policy arena after the uprisings is not accidental. Behind its activation lies the influx of huge amounts of Petrodollars, rising anti-American sentiment in the region caused by frankly failed policies of the United States, the rise to power of an ambitious and eccentric leader Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran’s implementation of its own â€Å"nuclear program†, which turned into a personification of Iran’s power revival [8] . Hence the interest of specialists and politicians on foreign policy doctrine of modern Iran, where it states that it is based not on the principles of national interest but rather the principle of Islamic solidarity, r ooted in the teachings of Imam Khomeini, in relation to the Islamic revolution. Thus, consideration of ideological concepts of Imam Khomeini in interpreting the current leader of the Islamic Revolution (Rahbar) Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, should help understanding and explaining the steps taken by Iran during the reign of the current President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad [9] . The analysis of these concepts will help to forecast future foreign policy initiatives of Iran with its aim to resolve the intra-regional problems.

Public relations plan for Pilsner Urquel Research Paper

Public relations plan for Pilsner Urquel - Research Paper Example This is because of the three main factors which are time involved during shipping, temperature, and light. The company is trying to overcome this issue by coming up with new supply chain and shipment solutions. At the same time it is important for the company to come up with effective and efficient PR plan to communicate the new improvements in the supply chain to the key audience and gain back the trust of the consumers in the market of United States. This in turn will allow the company to increase its sales and capture more market share. The company is already involved in different PR and marketing activities in this regard like recently company celebrated its 170th anniversary and arranged a complete program and event in this regard (Bloomberg Businessweek; SAB Miller, b). Along with this the company organized second annual master home brewer competition (PR Newswire, a). In this report an attempt has been made to understand the market research process of the company and provide them with the PR plan on the basis of the current situation of the market and industry. In order to come up with the proper public relation plan it is important to do the initial research of the background situation and overall industry trends in effective and efficient manner. This in turn facilitates the company to come up with the PR plan which is effective and conveys message to all target market. The market research can be done either through secondary research sources and methods or primary research sources and methods.... This in turn allows them to come up with effective and efficient strategy and marketing plan, as they are able to identify and understand important trends and changes in the market on timely basis. The interview from the company representative revealed that the company collects and analyze all important statistics regarding the consumer behavior and taste preferences with the help of different qualitative research and testing methods. However, the company has its own labs for testing the quality and taste of the beer. Regarding the media analysis, the company keeps check on different internet and social mediums including their own websites and monitors the stuff posted along with the response of the customers. Pilsner Urquell also monitors and keeps a check on the content posted by different bloggers about the beer. Some of the findings generated from the market and consumer research have been presented and explored here. The management of Pilsner Urquell is working hard to overcome the issues related with the freshness and shipment of the beer to US market. For this purpose, the company is well aware of the current situation of the market with the help of the research activities. The company use set of primary and secondary research methods in order to get hold of important information regarding important market trends. At the same time the management of the company is focusing on new innovative strategies and classify themselves as the trailblazer in the industry, as mentioned by the Pilsner representative. Along with this the company does keep an eye on the actions taken by the competitors but focus more on brining its own strategies and ways. For instance the representative of the company mentioned that some of the

Frederick Taylors Management Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Frederick Taylors Management Theory - Essay Example This research is being carried out to look at the various criticism against the theory and concludes by a reflection on this theory and how it has impacted the field of management. This was among the first management theories that started the era of modern management. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Taylor was decrying the awkward, inefficient or ill-directed movements of men at the place of work as a national loss. Taylor sought consistently to overthrow the â€Å"rule of the thumb† and replace this with actual timed observations leading what he termed as the one best practice. He advocated for the application of the scientific method in the management of workers because it improved productivity to a large extent. The scientific method he proposed called for the optimization of the way tasks were performed and the simplification of these tasks so that all workers could be trained to perform their specialized sequence of motions in the one â€Å"best† way. Taylor while working in the steel industry made some observations purposely operating below their capacity. This he termed as soldiering. Taylor saw this aspect as a result o f the following three causes: (1) The workers had a near universal belief that if they became more productive in their work, fewer of them would be required to perform jobs and therefore jobs would be eliminated; (2) The non-incentive wage systems encourage low productivity among the employees, if the employee will receive the same pay regardless of how much is produced. He observed that employees take great care not to work at a faster pace because of the fear that the pace will set a new standard; (3) workers are seen to waste much of their effort through the reliance on rule of the thumb methods instead of optimal work methods that could be determined by scientific study of the involved task.

Teaching masculinity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching masculinity - Essay Example This paper caters to the question of development of masculinity in young boys through the system of education, and discusses how the concept of gender shapes the existing pedagogy and the democracy of the country. Nature of masculinity The social position of women has been a debatable topic all around the world. The topics on the system of education for girls, their social status and the availability of facilities for them have been put on the table. This issue has an obvious counterpart. If the system of relations is questioned form one side, the other side comes under focus automatically. The question could not inevitably â€Å"be confined to women and girls† (Connell, 2008, pp. 131). The established concept of ‘manhood’ is subject to the changes of time. ‘Manhood’ is bound by the nature of masculinity, practices that are seen as gender specific and deemed appropriate for the male and the preset ideologies. But while the social relations are questio ned, different aspects come under the circumference of the debate. Educational issues are a major part of the debate. The concept of gender has been a part of the pedagogical experiences of the schools and other educational institutions. The pedagogy is based upon the society that houses and rears the boys to make them become what they are. In this concept a vast range of concerns have to be addressed, starting from â€Å"men’s and boys’ health to men’s domestic and military violence† (Connell, 2008, pp. 1

Critical Analysis of the Relationship of Poverty and Elderly in the Essay

Critical Analysis of the Relationship of Poverty and Elderly in the United Kingdom - Essay Example ("An Introduction") In 2000, a BBC News report says that there are 100,000 elderly who live in poverty in the United Kingdom between 1998 and 1999. Consequently, the report also states that fewer children live in poverty at present. ("Poverty Spreads") Similarly, the results of the study conducted by the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research in 2006 shows that among the 25 European Union Member states, United Kingdom is one of the identified countries with the highest risk for elderly population. Along with countries such as Cyprus, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, and Greece, the UK ranks first with the largest number of poor elderly. (Zaidi 2006) Due to this reports concerning poverty among the elderly in the United Kingdom, it is deemed necessary to look at the relationship of both areas of social policy. The steady huge increase on the number of the elderly who are experiencing poverty in the UK is a social issue that need not be overlooked. Poverty is defined in a variety of ways. In Piachaud's argument, the definition of poverty is a moral question such that it refers to hardship that is unacceptable. ("An Introduction") Since man's hardship is usually associated with his attitude towards it, how he is able to adapt to this condition, the term becomes a moral issue that leads to poverty being one as well. Pov Poverty can have as many references as possible. However, the most common ones are those that pertain to man's material conditions, economic position, and social position. Material conditions refer to the goods and services that man needs, the multiple deprivation of which, or a low standard of living. Moreover, economic position is associated with the low income (which is dictated by the society), limited resources, inequality, or low social class where man belongs. Man's social position refers to those who are poor - that is having lack of entitlement, dependency or social exclusion. ("An Introduction") Analysis of the Elderly in Poverty in the United Kingdom Welfare state had been a major concern in the United Kingdom during the early years of civilisation. Poverty, which is one of the major and the dominant issue in the society, was the first concern of the government's social policy. Addressing the poverty that the country was experiencing in 1800s, Prime Minister Earl Grey set up a Poor Law Commission in 1833 in order to examine the poor Law system in Britain. In 1834, when the report was published, several recommendations for the Parliament that would address the issues of poverty in the society. Thus, the Poor Law Amendment Act was passed and provided restrictions for the members of the society in order to eliminate poverty. These statements of the act were the following: (a) no able-bodied person was to receive money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except in a workhouse; (b) conditions in workhouses were to be made very harsh to discourage people from wanting to receive help; (c) workhouses were to be built in every parish or, if parishes were too small, in unions of parishes; (d) ratepayers in each parish or union had to elect a Board of Guardians to supervise the workhouse, to collect the Poor Rate and to send reports to the Central Poor Law Commission; (e) the three man Central Poor Law

Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Term Paper Example Previous years saw a big rise in the number of, jet-airliner crashes. Worse lies ahead. That is spurring a new approach to air safety. When the manufacturers of the greatest numbers of aircrafts mentions that there could be a major air crash once a week by end of 2010, then the time is arrived to start worrying: Boeing has no commercial interest in exaggerating the threat that hangs over aviation. But Boeings bleak forecast has been echoed by others, including the head of Americas Federal Aviation Administration. The steady improvement in airline safety is about to come to an end. In this paper potential areas of improvement and how Aviation Safety Programs can gain its own advantage in the aviation industry will be discussed. Last decade was a particularly bad one for air disasters. Amongst a lot it saw the ValuJet crash in a Florida swamp (killing it), the explosion that blew flight TWA 800 out of the sky off Long Island (killing 230) and a disastrous mid-air collision near New Delhi in India (killing 349) On average, a jet was written off every 9.8 days. As per statistics gathered by Air claims, an aviation-insurance consultancy, there were 75 accidents that completely broke commercial aircraft (jets and small turboprops). These figures include the former Soviet Union. Crashes of big jet airliners-the kind nervous flyers have nightmares about-have raised from an average of 20.6 a year in the 1990s to 25 in the West, and from six a year in the 1990s to 12 in the former Soviet Union. That pushes up the fatality figures. Air claims suggests that "We may now be seeing the early stages of a gradual increase in the annual number of total losses, with the average for the 1990s being generally some10% up on the late 1970s and the 1980s." (Lengrath, 4) Before cancelling their next trip, nervous passengers ought to bear in mind that a rise in the absolute number of fatal crashes is not

Career in Financial Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Career in Financial Planning - Essay Example To be able to deliver that effectively, the scope that requires thorough understanding is listed below. A good financial planner understands investments, taxes, estate planning issues and strategies. In order to acquire adequate expertise, financial planners must be familiar with legal restrictions and laws concerning retirement plans, tax shelters, insurance, and trusts. There are several journals and other reliable sources that provide details which planners need to be aware of; few of the sources have been listed in forth coming sections. In order to succeed in financial planning one not only needs to know the details of various investments, tax law, estate planning strategies, but also needs to be an active listener, good at marketing oneself, above average interpersonal skills with an analytical mind that can work with numbers and budges, understand complicated financial and legal documents. In addition, they should be articulate, persuasive, and have fairly decent selling ability. While associating myself in knowing the significant elements of financial world, I have also kept myself engaged in developing the required skills. 4. Target Clients - High Net worth Individuals are a Key Target A growth area in financial planning and money management is targeting the high net worth individual. PSI, a financial services consultant, estimates that over 4 million US households have a net worth in excess of $1 million, which is encouraging enough to dwell more on this crowd to explore more opportunities for business and sales. 5. Sources There is benefit of attending local chapter meetings of financial planner organizations. The best way to find out the identity of a local chapter is through any of the three national financial planner organizations: (1) Institute for Certified Financial Planners (2) International Association for Financial Planning or (3) National Association of Personal Financial Advisors. I also plan to be updated from top trade magazines including Today's Realtor and Mortgage Banking Magazine and online at Inman News, the leading electronic broadcast service in real estate Informally I will also keep track of all the blogs veteran certified financial planners maintain, to develop some kind of competitive intelligence and be better facilitated with facts about the sector as a whole. Websites of leading firms that hire Financial Planners like AIG, Ameriprise Financial, Edward Jones, John Hancock. Primerica also will provide enough insights about the

Global Warming Video Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Warming Video Analysis - Essay Example Inhofe’s view is that although he initially accepted the understanding that humans were the primary culprits in global climate change (then called global warming), the recent data which has come to light indicates that in fact humans only account for but a very small percentage of total C02 emissions. As such, Inhofe goes on to state that the fact of the matter is that the Kyoto Accords have become a massive liability to the American civilian in the form of costing him/her many thousands of dollars each and every year as a function of the deadweight loss that is attributed to any nation that signs onto the Accords. Furthermore, Inhofe goes on to state that a large number of the scientists who originally bandwagon together and signaled their agreement with the human causation of global warming and supported such a belief have since, almost to the individual, begun to back down and take a more tempered approach to the issue. Although few are coming out denying that humanity has little if anything to do with climate change, few among those initial activists that pushed for the Kyoto Accords are continuing to argue for the same logic that initially persuaded them to become active during that period. An obvious criticism of Inhofe’s point of view is, of course, the fact that even though human beings do not contribute to the lion’s share of CO2 emissions, the fact remains that humanity is responsible for a larger and larger percentage of total CO2 output. As such, it is only logical to assume that the Earth’s ability to convert this back to oxygen as forests continue to be decimated and a higher and higher ratio of industrial nations belch out metric ton after metric ton of CO2 each and every year.  

The whale pedigree Essay Example for Free

The whale pedigree Essay Its evident that the evolution to the present day whale has been a long one. A lot of changes have taken place from the postulated land dwelling animal to a fully marine organism. It is a step wise process that first started with a partially marine organism and then to a fully marine organism. The fully marine organism under went both physical and physiological changes to evolve to the present day whales. These changes included alteration of limbs to flippers, fusion of some of the skull bones and modification of the olfactory organs. These organs have since developed more advanced functions with the increased demand for more metabolic rates. The theories explaining the linage of whales are very important and to some extent have shown significant similarities among the species thought to be related to whales. The ancestors of whale underwent lot of modification for example ability to hear under water, reduction of the limbs, and change of nostrils towards the posterior and greater chances to move under water. Archaeocete Gray Roqual Sperm Pigmy right Right(whales) Beaked White Dolphins Porpoises Gange river River (Dolphins) Extinct whale ancestors Sinonyx The fossil study of sinonyx shows that it lived about 50 million years ago and fed on other animals (carnivorous). Sinonyx was about five feet long with a small brain, drawn out head, short legs and a large skull. It was found along sea shores and was thought to be related to whales and dolphins because of their long muzzle which almost resembled that of present day dolphins. The long muzzle was associated with fish hunting. It is suggested that with time these features evolved to the present day whale specialized organ. However, later phylogenetic tests showed that sinonyx is not closely related to cetaceans. It had 44 teeth consisting of molars with many cusps and thin tearing teeth. Sinonyx lived along sea shores, smaller body, and long muzzle compared to the present day whales which live in the ocean, are very large and very huge. They had large sagittal crest with a large mass of muscles for strong grip of their prey. The present day whales either have teeth or not. Those without teeth have a baleen having on their upper jaw mostly adapted for feeding Archaeocete (ancient whales) This stage is thought to be between sinonyx and whales. Its remnants were first excavated in Pakistan and are thought to have been living around 52 million years ago. They had better developed limbs which allowed them to live in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. As time passed they are thought to have started spending more time in the ocean and giving birth on land. It was similar to sinonyx apart from its evolved premolars which were more triangular with a single serrated cusp and two rooted molars. With time they spread to many oceans and seas of the world. The Archaeocete lived in water but were not able to acquire deep dives like the present day whales. They later evolved to zygorhiza which was the first fully aquatic Archaeocete. Ambulocetus (the walking whale) It was similar to the present day crocodile with its limbs adapted for swimming more than walking which were flippered. They swimmed predominantly and the fossils show that they lived about 49 million years ago and survived on both salty and fresh waters. It had teeth similar to those of Archaeocete and an elongated muzzle. Though it lacked a blow nose it was able to swim well under water. The limbs of ambulocetus were changing allowing them to be more adapted for swimming and less adapted for walking. Their cervical vertebrae of the ambulocetus were relatively long than those of the present day whales. Ambulocetes did not have ears and received information by use of vibrations on both land and sea. They usually lay on the ground to detect the vibrations of their prey. The muzzle of this organism has changed very much in comparison to the present whale in which there is formation of baleen plate. The throat of a whale grooves and expands to hold a lot of water that contain krill which is fed on by the whale. The baleen plate pushes the water out of the mouth remaining with only the food. Baleen therefore acts as a sieve separating the krill from the water. Basilosaurus (king lizard) It is estimated to have lived between 34 and 40 million years ago with a length of around 60 feet. It looked like a whale snake and budged horizontally or vertically. They had small hind limbs that were not able to effectively propel basilosaurus when moving. It had a single large nostril that was used for breathing effectively especially when in water. With time these organisms were unable to move on terrestrial environment. There is difference of the position of the nostril in which the present whale nostril is more to the posterior position for blowing off air when breathing at the water surface. These changes have made the present day whale to be more adapted especially in breathing while in aquatic environment. Pakicetids These organisms lived at around 53 million years ago and looked like dogs or wolves with hoofed feet. Their skull and teeth resembled the of the present day whales. The saggital crest was high and narrow with the lambdoidal crest being predominant. Pakicetids resemble the mesonychid hunting both on land and along the shores. They had small ears that were adapted for hearing and are later adapted for hearing under water in the present day whales. The middle ear of pakicetids was not well developed thus unable to maintain its pressure that limited this organism to dive in deep waters like the present day whales. The preset whale is more adapted to survive in water for instance it is able to dive deeply and swim swiftly since the limbs have been adapted to the aquatic environment. The ears of the ancestor whales have gradually disappeared. The ears are adapted for hearing in the deep seas by receiving vibration signals from other whales like during courtship or tracking their prey.

The presence of our English Teacher Essay Example for Free

The presence of our English Teacher Essay A pleasant evening to each and everyone of you. First of all, I would like to acknowledge the presence of our English Teacher, Tchr. JM Sayson.. for giving us â€Å"The Sunscreen†. Ladies and gentlemen of the class of 2012, this is our story – our history. If I could offer you only one tip for the future, the value of Christianity would be it. One value that the academy had taught us and molded us into. This school had taught us to live according to His ways. To grow in love with Him every day. And to value love – Love of God, precisely! Seniors, we have finally come to the end of our journey as High School students. The gates of uncertainties from being a child to a fully grown young individual will now be closing in month’s time. Seeing everyone in their glamorous gowns and fabulous suits, we are now young ladies and young noblemen who were about to enter a completely different and peculiar world. Goodbye Academy, Hello University! We, who only knew once how to play hide-and-seek, run here and there, shout and just laugh our hearts out and do whatever we wanna do, not caring about the people around us. We, who thought life is as easy as ABC’s and 123’s, then came to a realization that life really is as complicated as sin2Ï ´ + cos2Ï ´=1, then – prove! Who would ever thought that these children, who plays 10-20 or Chinese garter at the corridors of MCA are just about to leave the portals of their dearest Alma Mater? My fellows, what more could we miss than our weekly routine – CHAPEL HOUR. The long term benefits of our Monday habit have been proven by any other batches whereas the rest of my advice has no basis more reliable than our own meandering experience. How blessed we are to have been given this kind of opportunity – to be closer to God and to have the chance to listen to His words. Remember how Tchr. Lina’s video presentation about the early Christians made our eyes turn to waterfalls? Remember how Bishop Art unceasingly discussed about the significance and importance of the Bible? This is one strong basis that our school had built a Godly foundation so strong on our hearts. And now, how can we start the week without singing Tchr. Cecille’s favorite prayer song â€Å"All the Heavens†? How can we end our day without rendering the routinary song â€Å"Thank You Lord† unto God? But we should not worry about the future; or worry, but know that worrying is as effective as trying to solve an algebra equation by chewing bubblegum. Oh yes, one thing : Tchr. Gerald’s magical stars! Can you imagine how motivated we were back on our 1st year days because of his â€Å"stars†? Mathematics became our day-to-day challenge from Tchr. Gerald’s stars to Tchr. Cecille’s complex techniques to Tchr. Edwin and Tchr. Dante’s logical theories to Tchr. Ryan’s alienable formula. Oh my Math – really! Don’t be reckless with other people’s hearts – Who would ever forget how reckless we were with the frogs’ fragile little hearts? Tchr. Maan and Tchr. Jhed’s biology class gave us a chance to discover our inner beings through these little ones. Plus, Tchr. Mae’s outrageous reaction when she saw the frogs inside the bottles and the â€Å"Sorry Tchr. Mae† program that we had prepared just to have her back. Do one thing everyday that scares you, Sing†¦ Who were those girls again? Krystle Mae Data and Pauline Dones who gave their best shot to represent our school on the Clash of the Glee Clubs thus, making our students as the official choir of the SM Bacoor and Dasma Supermalls. Remember the Speech Choir who competed on Lyceum Cavite Campus whose voices rocked out the whole stadium and brought home the Golden Trophy? What a great prestige indeed! Time will come that each one of us will recall in a way we can’t grasp now how much possibility lay before us. Who would ever forget the month-long practices and the never-ending perseverance of each section on our Florante and Laura play, as well as the Noli Me Tangere act? How everybody waited for the day of our play to see these faces reminisce the past, wear their cla ssic Maria Clara dresses and â€Å"barong tagalog†, speak like that of the time of Dr. Jose Rizal and to be nationalistic on some point in time. How fabulous they really looked indeed Enjoy your body, use it every way you can. Don’t be afraid of it, or what other people think of it. It’s the greatest instrument you’ll ever own. Remember Lara Ruzol’s â€Å"No Pardon for Me† declamation speech during the United Nations last October 2008? How about the African dance participated by all other sections? Is Star-Spangled Beauty, Bansai San, Hunyango, Dona Espadana and Inang Bayan familiar to you? How about these songs : Carry the Light, For all the world and Great is Thy Faithfulness? The penlights? Yes fellows, the 4,000 Voice Choir! â€Å"Aqua, aqua! Go go go go Aqua! Go fight, team fight Angels fight! Beat them, beat them Angels fight!† can be heard on the grounds of the Marikina Sports Complex last February 4, 2011 -The National Foundation Day and Inter-Maranatha Sports Fest with the slogan â€Å"Healthy Kids, Healthy Nation†. I will never forget our Arnis Mass Demo with the tune of â€Å"Kung-fu Fighting† participated by all other chapters of NCLC and MCA Afterwards, the gleaming lights of Star City set our excitements on fire! One thing that the MCA Angels thought us is to : Dance.. even if you have nowhere to do it but in your own living room Arianne Salamilao, Eden Tariga, Jander Del Rosario, Adrian Ramos, Mark Frias, Florenth Consay, Sam Sollano, Joana Riel, our cheer dancers, we are very proud of you. Dancing the whole Dela Salle Dasma’s stadium out and giving our roaring cheers will never be wasted. And so, our dancing shoes were set on foot during our P.E. class firstly on our 3rd year days. Ballroom dancing anyone? Get plenty of calcium, be kind to your knees. You’ll miss them when they’re gone. Remember how Tchr. Analyn unceasingly motivated us to give our very best? How Tchr. Lina gave her full support to her students? How Tchr. Joy pushed her class beyond their limitations? How they inspired each one of us? How they made us feel with their motherly love? How each of us was pampered just before we get into our final stage of this Academe? Our JS promenade, we as Juniors, became a flash of excitement, memories and competition. Little girls turned into beautiful ladies. Young boys turned into noble gentlemen. We were princes and princesses for a moment in time. Each one flashed their most beautiful smiles on the cameras and gave full grace to their numbers. It was a night of fantasy turned to reality! Krystle Mae Data was our Prom Princess and David Solis was our Prom Prince. The best long gown belongs to Miss Data as well and the best suit went to Mr. Solis as well. The best dress goes to Miss Jillah Escritor. III-Justice won the Juniors Ballroom Competition. Sometimes you’re ahead, sometimes you’re behind. But we all know that each went home with a smile on their hearts and a callus on their feet 😉 Whatever you do, don’t congratulate yourself too much or berate yourself either. Your choices are half-chances, so are everybody else’s. Some chose to be a part of the CAT, some chose to be noblemen of the Scouting movement. Some reserved themselves to be Privates and live according to the principles of the CAT. Each one has undergone the trainings and appraisals before reaching what they are now. The COCC’s proved themselves that they were deserving to be what they have become now. The Scouts’ motto â€Å"Be prepared.† was always manifested in their actions through their countless duties. Remember the compliments you receive, forget the insults. By the grace of God, Batch 2012 will never be left behind when it comes to Academics and Leadership. Jorge Ochoa and Ronn Bautista made it to the Regionals of News and Feature Writing Competition. Ciara Kaye Aquino, Jorge Ochoa, Lara Ruzol and Gemmalyn Galang passed the UPCAT examination. Alnira Causing and Aira Dy-rastas passed DLSU-Manila as well. Our Student Government was headed by Ciara Kaye Aquino as the President, Kaye Reyes as Treasurer, Jillah Escritor as Secretary and Prince Ramos as Auditor. Student leaders went to the Congress. Beacon, Ciara Aquino as the Editor-in Chief, had made their history. The official newspaper of the campus’s first issue gave a blast to the campus readers. Peer Facilitators, headed by Arianne Salamilao, participated much on Kalinga partylist’s Medical Missions and Feeding Programs. The Glee Club, topped by Krystle Data, were engaged to many outside performances including a trip to Congress. The CAT, supervised by Lara Ruzol, and the Scouts, handled by Florenth Consay and Justine Alicio, practiced discipline among the students and became accountable in duties and other school responsibilities. The Timothy Circle, led by Abby Cardenas, held Prayer meetings to strengthen the faith of the youth. Organizations worked together for the glory of God! Our batch has worked the gaps between geography and lifestyle. Not actually geography. But the difference between us. We have shown unity during our MCA Concert where we rendered our God-given talents and skills unto Him with our beloved advisers. Most of the 4th year students joined the Mass demo for our 22nd International Convention dancing â€Å"Agnus Dei and Lord of the Dance†. Our Christmas Party became a success with our very own band â€Å"Elgied and friends† Elgied Apdua, Jake Saulog, Nikko Doctolero, Rainiel Dela Cruz and Ruth Dimarucut -performing for the rest of the program. The fun and the excitement among each section were boomed by our mythical â€Å"Banana Dance†. Thus, making our batch united than ever. Schoolmates, this is our last chance to prove ourselves. Tchr. Ryan Garcia, Tchr. Analyn Garcia and Tchr. Joy Tumamak gave their very best to set us ready for the next step of our lives. Understand that friends come and go but for the precious few, we should hold on. Some may have gone to nowhere but we must hold on to each other. Graduation day is yet to come. The day when each one of us might realize how our days have been filled with happiness and smiles. With joy and laughter. How our months were filled with excitement and challenges. With hopes and dreams. Though sorrows and downfalls may come, our mentors have taught us to stand and rise up once again. That God will always be there for us. That He is always with us all the way. This is one thing that we will bring with us once we leave the bosom of our school that we can always be proud of! We grew not to give glory to ourselves but to give glory unto God Almighty. We study not because of anyone else but because of what we want to be not for ourselves, but for our loved ones who never left us all along. Though certain things may come, we should never worry. The real troubles in our lives are apt to be things that never crossed our worried minds. At this point where goodbyes can never be held back, Maranatha Christian Academy became our backbone ever since. Proverbs 22:6 became the motto which guided us to be where we are now. Things do happen for a purpose. All things work together for good and as we leave, always remember â€Å" If God is for us, who can be against us?† We must accept certain inalienable truths, we are about to leave the Academy but our hearts will forever be in it, on it, WITH IT! Brothers and sisters, together we’ll make it through. Someday, our spirit will take us and guide us back to where we belong – MCA. I know, you’ve been hurting but our Alma Mater will always be there for us. Waiting for us to come back to her arms. And we’ll be there right? Just tell me now, whenever we can. Ladies and gentlemen, we have made history. This is our story – OUR HISTORY. â€Å"With tears in my eyes to you I say farewell, I’ll never forget those happy days forever..† Batch 2011-2012 now signing off.

Business Essays Entrepreneurs Business Knowledge

Business Essays Entrepreneurs Business Knowledge Entrepreneurs Business Knowledge Literature Review Several studies have shown that entrepreneurial ventures are one of the main contributors of new firms (Storey 1994). An increasing number of people in the UK are starting or are considering starting up their own business. These individuals are commonly known as ‘entrepreneurs’. The word entrepreneur was of French origin which evolved into meanings such as people who take risks, and founders of businesses (Hennessy 1980). They have evolved from simple merchants to more sophisticated corporate men. Entrepreneurs can also be defined as ‘people who organise and manage a business undertaking, assuming the risk for the sake of profit’ (yourdictionary.com 2008), however there is much more to entrepreneurship than a simple definition. There are different types of entrepreneurs who possess certain traits that make them successful in business. Research carried out by Kortschak (2008) discusses five traits that successful entrepreneur’s small and medium-sized companies share: Making strategic decisions based on limited data – good entrepreneurs tend to make decisions based on 80% of the data they have to hand, as they understand that waiting to learn more could mean a missed opportunity. Learning from mistakes – this trait is often seen in serial entrepreneurs who have experienced one or more business failures, which they often learn more from that mistake than the success. Understanding their own weaknesses – the best entrepreneurs understand their area of expertise, strengths, and weaknesses. Even though they have a general understanding of other disciplines they realise they lack knowledge in other areas for example, technical. In this case the successful entrepreneur would hire experts who can complement their skills. Spot patterns and key data – Kortschak (2008) identifies that the common environment in which an entrepreneur enters is dynamic where the structure of the industry, the nature of the customer base, or they overall way of doing business has not yet been determined. Successful entrepreneurs who run their companies are generally confident in building structure where none is in place; in addition to identifying patterns they are able to separate relevant information from irrelevant data. Partnering successfully with others – success in business is mainly about partnership. It is important for an entrepreneur to communicate well with others to work with fellow partners in agreeing business decisions and to communicate well with their team in accomplishing business objectives. Poor communication and being unable to work with others results in an unsuccessful business. It has been said many times that there is an entrepreneur behind every successful business. This can be due to a number of reasons but the one that many tend to overlook is personalities. One of the reasons for most successes is that the entrepreneur with the right personality and attitude was right for that particular business, for example, Bill Gates was seen as ‘The Visionary’ for his innovative ideas, and Anita Roddick, founder of Body Shop was seen as ‘The Improver’ as she wanted to improve the environment using natural ingredients in her products and ridding harsh chemicals and animal testing of cosmetics. Zahorsky (2008) identifies that there are nine personality types of entrepreneurs: The Improver – with this personality type the entrepreneur is more focused on using their company as a means to improve the world / environment. They have an ability to run their business with high integrity and ethics. Example of an entrepreneur, Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop. The Advisor – this business personality types provides a high level of assistance and advice to customers. The motto with this personality type is the customer is right and everything must be done to please them. This personality types build their companies to become customer focused. Example of an entrepreneur, John Nordstrom, Founder of Nordstrom. The Superstar – with this personality type the business is normally centred around the charisma and high energy of the superstar CEO and more than often the business is built around the entrepreneurs own personal brand. Example of an entrepreneur, Donald Trump, CEO of Trump Hotels and Casino Resorts. The Artist – with this personality type the entrepreneur will tend to build their business around the unique talents and creativities they posses for other businesses demanding creativity such as web design. Example of entrepreneur, Scott Adams, creator of Dilbert. The Visionary – an entrepreneur with the visionary personality type will most likely be based on the future vision and thoughts of the founder. This personality type will have a high degree of curiosity to understand the world around you and set up plans to avoid the problems. Example of entrepreneur, Bill Gates, Founder of Microsoft Inc. The Analyst – this personality type is often the basis for science, engineering, or computing firms that are well known for problem solving. The entrepreneur possessing this personality type will run their business as an analyst and always focus on fixing problems in a logical way. Example of entrepreneur, Gordon Moore, Intel Founder. The Fireball – the entrepreneur with this personality type will be full of life, energy, and optimism. Their company would make customers feel the firm has a ‘get it done’ attitude in a fun way. Example of entrepreneur, Malcolm Forbes, Publisher, Forbes Magazine. The Hero – the business run by the hero personality type would have an incredible will and ability to lead their company through any challenge and can assemble great companies. Example of entrepreneur, Jack Welch, CEO GE. The Healer – the healer personality provides nurturing and harmony to their business and an ability to survive with an inner calm. Example of entrepreneur, Ben Cohen, Co-Founder of Ben Jerry’s Ice Cream. An entrepreneur’s business personality types and traits are some of the key success factors that blend with the needs of the business. With this combination businesses excel further. The media gives a great deal of attention to those who start their businesses with nothing and turning it into large successful organisation. An increasing number of entrepreneurs are young individuals with fresh ideas and an energetic attitude. However an entrepreneur’s age, educational background, and previous business-related experience is not as nearly as important as his or her desire to learn and willingness to bounce back from the obstacles associated with creating a new business endeavour (a trait that successful entrepreneurs share). A typical entrepreneur starts their business by using their savings, re-mortgaging their house, or borrowing from friends or family at a low or interest free rate which can be beneficial when starting out. Eventually the business starts to grow or the finance sources start to dry up, either way the business is in need of financing, which is defined as ‘money to implement a project; it is usually used to mean money lent, or equity provided’ (mos.gov 2008). When small businesses have actually become successful and have a track record then venture capital firms and banks will consider funding the business. Venture capitalists are defined as ‘professionally managed organisational investors’ (Harrison and Mason 1992). Even though banks are a popular and major source of finance for new and growing businesses, they have become less willing to lend money to new ventures (Mason and Harrison 1995, business angel book). Research from Oates (1992) suggests that major retail banks are apprehensive to financing new ventures after the losses in the early 1900s. Prior to this banks had been willing provide high levels of funds to finance start-up and expanding businesses, this was during the macro-economic boom of the mid 1980s (Murray 1994 business angel book). However the recession following this growth led to a considerable increase in the number of small businesses failing. The bank of England’s quarterly bulletin in February 1994 reported that throughout the recession (1992 – 1993) business failures had risen to 55,000 a year. This compared to a more normal rate in the 1980s had more than doubled, and the vast majority of these failures were in the small business sector. Thus the effect of this was a substantial increase in bad debts suffered by banks. The strain of these bad debts and their negative impacts on profits led to banks being reluctant to finance businesses that have just started out. Smith (1994 business angel book) suggests that many banks prefer to use short-term overdraft finance rather than long-term, fixed-rate financial packages. This is because shorter-term packages are not as damaging when the business experiences financial difficulties, however banks will cater for new businesses that have an extremely strong and promising proposal. This has led banks to avoid financing small / medium sized firms, thus leaving a gap in the market for financing smaller businesses. The venture capital industry in the UK is very well developed but does not adequately cater for young businesses. Murray (1994, business angel book) views the venture capital industry as not being a major source of finance for entrepreneurial ventures. One of the reasons why most venture capitalists avoid small business investments is because they are not pleased with administrative tasks that come with these investments, especially when the likely return is not substantial and does not compensate the amount of work required for young entrepreneurial ventures. According to Smith (1994 business angel book) venture capital firms focus more a great deal on management buyouts and the development of established existing businesses, rather than new ventures. Due to this stance of venture capitalists it has led them away from the small / medium sized firms, which also has resulted in a gap for new entrepreneurial ventures. The table ? below highlights some of the main differences between business angels and venture capitalists. Table ? – Business Angels vc Venture Capitalists Source: www.1000ventures.com As it can be seen from table there are many differences between business angels and venture capitalists. The table highlights an imperative point discussed earlier of business angels investing at the start-up / early stage of a small business whereas venture capitalists invest at a later stage of medium to large organisations. The table also shows that business angels are more active and hands on in their investments (active angels) whereas the venture capitalists are more strategic. The gap between family/friends and banks is often referred to as an ‘equity gap’. Financial Times interviewed Peter Jones (an extremely successful entrepreneur and investor) who quotes that there is a funding gap out there for entrepreneurs starting out and that finance is available for them but very hard to find and at this stage for an entrepreneur it is probably the single most biggest hurdle (Moules, Financial Times, 2006). The challenge of overcoming this equity gap is amongst one of the topmost reasons for small businesses not achieving their full potential. According to an article in The Guardian most entrepreneurs overcome this obstacle by obtaining finance from ‘Business Angel’s’ (Kollewe 2007, Guardian). Business Angels are successful entrepreneurs running successful businesses, they invest in budding entrepreneurs in return for a percentage of the business and tend to invest in businesses that have the potential to return a healthy profit. The term angel was originated by Broadway insiders in the early 1900s to describe wealthy theatre-goers who made high risk investments in theatrical productions (Mason 2005). The term business angel was given to those individuals who perform essentially the same function in a business context (Benjamin and Margulis 2000). However, this type of business financing has only become significant since the 1950s and 1960s. Business angels are now defined as private, wealthy individuals who invest their own money as well as their time in small, young, unquoted companies with whom they have no family connections (Deakins and Freel 2003). BNET.com (2007) defines business angels as an affluent individual who provides capital for a business, typically an equity investment. It is well known that angels rarely loan money without any strings attached (i.e. investing in return for a percentage of the business equity); they most often support entrepreneurs and new businesses. Landstrom (1993) states that most business angels have the same characteristics overall. He profiles them as heterogeneous group of people, as almost all business angels are or have been entrepreneurs from different backgrounds. However research carried out by Coveney and Moore (1998) suggests that there is more to a business angel than just wanting to make money. Coveney and Moore (1998) discuss that there are six different types of business angels. (See table 1 – table of different angels in book page 11). Entrepreneur Angels – these are the most active angels and experienced investors. They tend to have been successful entrepreneurs and now looking for ways to diversify their portfolio or expand their current business. They are well known for making frequent and large scale investments, not just for financial gain but for satisfaction of making investments and interacting with the founders/managers. They are also considerable wealthier than other individual business angels. Corporate Angels – these are companies that make angel type investments. These types of angels have been found to invest larger funds than other business angels and have corporate resources at their disposal (Coveney and Moore 1998). They tend to invest mainly for financial gain. Income Seeking Angels – are active business angels who make few and small investments for financial gain and to generate income/job for themselves. Wealth Maximising Angels – are a group of active business angels who have made several investments in new and growing ventures, they make their investments primarily for financial gain. They are generally wealthy but not as wealthy as entrepreneur angels. Latent Angels – these angels are inactive angels who have made one or two investments in the past but not in the last three years. Latent angels are self made private individuals who are very wealthy and have vast amounts of funds to invest. When looking to invest latent angels will be concerned with location of the venture as they would prefer to invest in opportunities close to home, as shown in table (ba v svc)?. Virgin Angels are angels who have not made an investment as of yet but are looking to finance new and growing businesses to create an income for themselves and to increase the return on their investment as much as they can. Virgin angels have fewer funds to invest than active angels. According to Mason and Harrison (1995)(business angels book) there are more virgin angels than active angels and that if half of the virgin angels became active then the total informal venture capital market would grow to ten times the size of formal venture capital market. Most of the time angels prefer to be ‘active angels’ as they like to invest in ventures and monitor their investments to ensure success. Similarly they prefer to invest in new young companies that are at their start-up stage and within close proximity to their home or work place (Harrison et al 2003). However research shows that although angels prefer to be active angels there are more virgin angels than active. (please see chart below). Chart ? – Business Angel market could become 10 times larger Source: www.1000ventures.com Chart (above) shows that in 2000 there were more virgin angels recorded than active angels, this suggests that there are reasons for business angels not being active in investing in entrepreneurial ventures. If the virgin angels could find the right venture to invest in then the business angel market could potentially increase significantly. Could this be solved by angels den? Mason and Harrison (1995)(business angel book) state that most small / medium sized businesses are successful because of the right angel that has backed the business. This could also suggest that the wrong angel could mean failure of the business which is not the case as business angels have experience in all areas of running an organisation but are experts in certain areas, thus this does not mean the business would be unsuccessful. As mentioned earlier Business Angels fulfil an increasingly important funding niche, as banks only loan capital at interest, and venture capitalists invest relatively large sums generally when businesses wish to expand (see appendix I), which leaves the angels to support numerous new businesses each year. The critical issue for young vibrant businesses is finding sufficient funding for start-up and growth (Southon, Financial Times, 2008). Most entrepreneurs first look to banks, and venture capitalists for funding, these sources however can fund only a small percentage of businesses. It is now common for young businesses to find funding from business angels as they cater for this funding niche. The involvement of banks investing in entrepreneurs is lower than the venture capitalist investments (Fiet and Fraser 1994). Some of the benefits of banks entering venture capital finance are discussed by Fiet and Fraser (1994). One of these benefits suggests that the participation of banks would contribute to the elimination of the widely reported capital gap that may exist for funding new ventures. However due to the low involvement of banks investing in new and young entrepreneurs this has increased the involvement of business angels. There have been surprisingly few attempts to compare business angels with non-investors (banks). This is largely due to the fact that their exact population is unknown, however as mentioned earlier a number of studies show that there has been a significant increase in recent years. It is evident from Fiet and Fraser’s (1994) research that business angels provide much more funds for new businesses than venture capital firms and banks, yet their existence is not as well known as banks. Mason and Harrison (1995)(business angel book) state that the reason for business angels not being well know as other investments is because many of the investments made by business angels goes unrecorded by the government due to the scale of investments. Research undertaken by Macht (2007) discusses the post-investment period of business angels and their involvement and impact upon their investments. This study focuses solely on business angels where a survey was administrated online and electronically to business angels to explore their involvement and impact on their investments after the investment had been made, hence post-involvement. This was a useful analysis of why business angels invest and what motivates them. However the research does not consider the entrepreneurs or any other investment when the analysis was carried out. The study by Macht (2007) could add value to this research when assessing what factors business angels contribute in their investment and what sets them apart from banks. There are many banks offering loans to entrepreneurs to either start up their business or support the expansion of the business. Banks requires a thorough business plan submitted for them to evaluate whether the individual is credit worthy, whether they will be able to pay their loan, and within what timescale. According to Small Business Administration (SBA) the most common way entrepreneurs finance their growing or expanding business is through banks (SBA 2008). Banks provide the finance needed if the individual can demonstrate the ability to keep in business, and their ability to repay the loan and meet the firms other obligations. SBA (2008) state that a more difficult route of obtaining finance is from business angels and venture capitalists as these individuals and firms assist companies to grown in exchange for equity or partial ownership. (refer to appendix – show a graph of a business life cycle, i.e. start-up, expansion, maturity etc). SBA (2008) claim that there is no such thing as one hundred percent financing and that it would be required from the entrepreneur to invest some funds into the business before a lender will provide financing, especially banks. However research has shown that business angels have financed entrepreneurial ventures one hundred percent based on the entrepreneurs idea / invention. Dragons Den has become a popular show on television where a group of angels form a network to invest in budding entrepreneurs who pitch their business ideas to the business angels. It has become apparent from this program that business angels have provided one hundred percent finance in entrepreneurial ventures. When applying for finance to business angels they generally would want to know details of the entrepreneur’s current financial situation and background, however with banks it is much more complex than this. There are several questions a bank would need answers to before they would consider any application for a business loan such as, the specific purpose of the loan, the amount you are requesting, when and how long you would need the funds, how the loan will be repaid, what collateral will be used, and whether the business owners will provide a personal guaranty of some sort. A typical loan request involves the following components: Statement of purpose – outlining your purpose of the loan, what it will be needed for, and for how long etc. Business plan – outlining what the business does and it’s short and long term goals. Financial statements this will outline the financial capacity and performance of the business which is important as it will give the lender an insight to how you have generated revenue in the past and how you will continue to do so in the future. A thorough complete loan application alone would not suffice when borrowing funds from a bank. Further evaluation would need to be done on an individual’s financial background to see if they are credit worthy, this is different to the evaluation of the business financials. According to Barclays Plc bank, there are three aspects of credit in making loans decisions which are outlined below. Character – a check on your financial status and personal credit history. Capacity – having sufficient cash flow to pay off the loan. Collateral – providing assurance to the lenders as a last resort should the business not prove profitable. Collateral is a key aspect when applying for finance to a bank. Banks would want to lower the risk of lending as much as possible so that they would feel more confident the loan would be paid on time and in full, which is why they require security on assets, i.e. house, car. Majority of banks offer various loan packages for those wishing to start up or expand their business. This is with the intention to suit the loan to the needs of the particular business. For example, a common loan that banks offer are the small business start up loan package, which are only available on a guaranty basis. The small business loans are not fully guaranteed by the Government where normally if a payment default occurs; the Government will reimburse the lender for its loss up to a certain percentage. To be eligible for a small business loan the firm must not exceed one hundred employees in a wholesale business, or generate more than $21 million in annual revenue (HSBC 2008). This varies for a manufacturing firm (please refer to appendix ? – SBA slides 15). In addition to this, assistance cannot be proved to non-profit organisations, firms involved in illegal activities, or a monopoly situation or businesses engaged in pyramid sales. The small business loan can be used for many purposes such as, purchase of land and buildings, long or short term working capital needs, or purchasing an existing business. Other loans offered by banks are special purpose loans, and basic micro-loans. The special purpose loans serve specific markets such as export markets. The special purpose loan is designed to be short lived that is only required at times of market needs. The basic micro-loans are small loans for small businesses who struggle to obtain conventional financing but have good prospects for repaying the loan back. The micro-loans are under $35,000 but on average the loan size is $13,000, according to Halifax bank plc. These loans help finance the equity gap however are subject to the entrepreneurs’ potential in repaying the loan. (need to find accurate referencing for these banks mentioned, also change $ to  £. P.s. click on slide link for info). As mentioned earlier, if approaching a business angel for finance then the business angel would need to know financial and background specifics of the entrepreneur and the venture. For an entrepreneur, preparing a business plan is vital whether it be for banks, venture capitalists, or business angels. The hardest part to obtaining finance from a business angel is to actually finding business angels, as business angels are not as publicly known as banks nor are they known for financing as many investments as banks do. Similarly it has been hard for business angels to finance investments due to a lack of access to a range of investments. Hughes (1996) found that business angels would invest more frequently if they had access to a better range of investments; however he also stated that many potential ventures which meet the minimum criteria of business angels still goes unfunded. This shows that the right type of business angel cannot gain access to the right type of venture. Recent research shows that in order to overcome the hurdle of the angel meeting the right investment, vice versus, business angels have come together to form networks (FT Moules 2007). This allows a group of angels to combine their funds together to offer larger investments for entrepreneurs needing larger finance. Thus the entrepreneur also benefits from having more than one business angel on board to provide the business with their expertise and knowledge. As mentioned earlier, Dragons Den is a group of business angels who invest in entrepreneurial ventures that are brought forward to them. There have been several cases where more than one angel has invested in the same venture. There has been further development of the traditional angel networks of meeting entrepreneurs face to face. Angels Den has been one of many to launch an online networking website that specifically aims to connect entrepreneurs with business angels (FT Moules 2007). How this works is that the users of this service would pay a small fee of around  £100 to pitch an idea to the websites private investors. If the idea is liked then entrepreneur must pay a larger fee of around  £400 to pitch a full business plan. From this point if the investor is interested in the pitch then a face to face meeting is arranged. The fees that are charged for these websites are to be said a ‘fraction of the cost of traditional marketing’, according to Financial Times 2007, Moules. Angels Den does not take equity stakes in funded businesses or a percentage cut from completed deals, and the service is free to business angels (angelsden.co.uk). The website encourages business angels to join which is free for them to do so; this is beneficial for entrepreneurs as it does not discourage business angels from joining hence increasing their chances of finding the right angel. This method is gradually becoming well known to the public thus increasing the exposure of business angels. It would therefore become much easier for entrepreneurs to find business angels and not feel banks and venture capitalists are the only accessible alternatives for finance, especially for those that have poor credit and no security to offer banks. It would also be easier for the government to measure the investment activity on annual basis and realise that business angels do make more investments than currently recorded that fill the equity gap (FT Mason, 2007). There had been attempts in the past to achieve similar objectives to the online networking sites as discussed above, these were referred to as business introduction services. They had tried to act as communicators between entrepreneurs seeking capital and interested potential investors; however this service did not exist online. According to Hughes (1996) these organisations had not been very successful in overcoming the problem of filling the equity gap, which still exists to this day. An article by the businesszone.co.uk states that one of the most common mistakes that individuals’ starting out in business make is assuming that they can reach their full potential by themselves. Whereas Dragons Den angels Theo Paphitis, and Peter Jones claim that the biggest mistake entrepreneurs make is over-estimating the value of their company and not having enough cash to sustain the business. As Theo Paphitis quotes â€Å"cash is king†. Even though business angels seem to be more beneficial as investors than banks Drury (2008)(nzherald.co.nz) states that the vast majority of business angel deals do not proceed well. This can be because companies can often take much more time than the angel had thought and also more cash than forecasted. This could also be because the angel that has made the investment is a first time angel investor and thus lack experience. Drury (2008) also states that some angel investors may not know they are an angel yet as anyone moderately wealthy could potentially be an angel if they find a venture to invest in. There are many ways to define beneficial, prenhall.co.uk defines beneficial as ‘producing or promoting a favourable result’. In terms of investing in entrepreneurs and which investment would be beneficial for entrepreneurial ventures this can be measured by reviewing what factors are advantageous for the entrepreneur and their business. Some of the factors can include the following: Finance provided Interest rate Expertise Knowledge Using business angel contacts Involvement from the investor to improve things No involvement from the investor, therefore less interference in the business Studies have shown that business angels can provide added value beyond financial capital (Ehrlich et al 1994). Having a business angel invest in the venture can help sustain competitive advantage, which is beneficial for the entrepreneurs’, as the angels bring more than capital to the business; they can bring their experience, contacts, and expertise to progress the business further. The resource-based perspective argues that sustained competitive advantage is generated by the unique bundle of resources at t

Patient Transition into Hospice Care Essay -- Analysis of Care Transit

I. Introduction The patient presented in this paper is Ms. H an 83 year old African American woman that appears younger than stated age with a history of Multiple Myeloma. The patient chart was reviewed and an interview conducted. Interestingly the patient had retained every note, lab, hospital H&P and discharge summary in a file folder in her possession. Ms. H was diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma in April of 2008 when she was being worked up at her dentist for a toothache. X-rays performed revealed she had bone lesions in her zygomatic process and in her skull above her right eye. She was referred to Oncology Hematology Care for further work-up. A bone marrow biopsy revealed she had Multiple Myeloma. During the course of treatment the patient received Thalidomide, Revlimid, Velcade, Aredia, Zometa, and Decadron. Remission was achieved and the patient underwent stem cell transplant in February of 2009. The transplant was successful and the patient was cancer free until August of 2012 when she receiv ed news that her cancer had recurred. Current meds are Lisinopril 20 mg PO daily for HTN, Omeprazole 40 mg PO for GERD, Topamax 25 mg BID for headaches, Calcium 500 mg PO TID for osteoporosis, Zofran 4 mg every 6 hrs/prn for nausea, Vicodin 5/325mg every 4 hours/prn for pain control. Ms. H has 3 adult children and 4 grandchildren that are in their early 20’s. During the initial treatment phase Ms. H was employed part time at J.C. Penney. Once she was sent to Jewish for bone marrow transplant, she retired. She is on traditional Medicare with Medicaid due to reaching the cap on her secondary Humana plan. Ms. H is divorced but has a supportive friend Mr. P that has been at her side throughout her diagnosis and treatment. He... ... benefit. V. Analysis of Transition Admission Forms Admission forms include Consent, HIPPA Acknowledgement Form, Patient and Family Rights Statement Receipt, Permission to Bill Medicare. Forms required for hospice admission are few and concisely written to reflect the Medicare Hospice Benefit. Patients who are compromised enough to sign their own forms are usually ill enough that the number of forms needed are appreciated. Ms. H and family were amazed and happy with the need for fewer signatures to admit. References (1.)Blood. 2008 March 15; 111(6): 2962–2972. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 PMCID: PMC2265446 (2)ASH 50th Anniversary Review Article on Multiple Myeloma†¦(look up) (3)Publication Date: 2008-03-18Medicare Benefit Policy Manual Chapter 9 - Coverage of Hospice (4) JOURNAL OF PALLIATIVE MEDICINE Volume 9, Number 6, 2006

US Citizenship by Natural :: essays papers

US Citizenship by Natural The United States is a nation of Immigrants. For centuries people have come to the U.S. in search of prosperity, freedom and financial success. By definition of the Microsoft Bookshelf Encyclopedia an immigrant is a person who leaves one country to settle permanently in another country or region to which one is not native. People immigrate for different reasons -- A group of people may immigrate to another country because of some conditions which make it difficult for them to live in their home environment. According to Microsoft Bookshelf Encyclopedia, the reason for immigration is often social for example, population increases, defeat in war, desire for a better life through material gain and the search for religious or political freedom. These reasons have usually prompted many more immigrants to the U.S. than natural causes have. The website of the Federation for American Immigration Reform explains how the first great wave of immigrants came to the U.S. In the early 19th century, large numbers of people from Western Europe left their countries to escape poverty. Many of the immigrants also came to escape religious persecution and political oppression. By the end of the 19th century, the majority of the immigrants were from Southern and Eastern Europe. After 1921, immigration declined due to new and better conditions in Europe and to limitations established by the U.S. government. The first law was passed by the United States Congress in 1862, restricted immigration to the U.S.. This law forbade American vessels to transport Chinese immigrants to the United States. Later, in the 1800s, the U.S. Congress passed acts which prevented convicts, polygamists, prostitutes and persons suffering from contagious diseases to enter the U.S. In 1917, Congress passed an immigration law that required a literacy test. Aliens unable to meet minimum mental, moral, physical and economic standards were excluded form the U.S. as well. In 1921, a congressional enactment created a quota system for immigrants, by which the number of aliens of any nationality admitted to the United States in a year could not exceed three percent of the number of foreign-born residents of that nationality living in the United States. It would seem that the number would be quite small, however, the year was 1919 and the majority of the U.S. population was foreign born. In 1924, the basic immigration quotas were changed to a system based on the desirability of the different nationalities. A congressional act of 1943 repealed the laws keeping the Chinese from entering the United States. (Microsoft Bookshelf Encyclopedia) One will probably agree that it is

Psychology: Human Development :: Psychological Social Science Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The field of psychology may have grown to be respected as a science. Objectivity and the scientific method are both part of the psychologist's mode of operation. However, even the greatest of psychologists can only theorize about what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes are not part of psychology . Everything is relative and open to speculation. Theorists give us their views or ideas about life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the field of psychology, there have been many different areas of interest. Human development is one of the most popular areas of interest for those who study psychology. Freud, Erikson and Piaget are all great theorists with different ideas concerning human development. Each theorist developed ideas and stages for human development. Their theories on human development had human beings passing through different stages. Each theory differed on what these stages were. These theories also differed with their respect towards paradigmatic assumptions, learning and development, and relationship towards educational practice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freud is known as the father of psychology. Although some of his work has been dismissed, most of it still holds weight in the world of psychology. Freud believed that human development was fueled by inner forces. He believed the most powerful of all inner forces was our sexual being. Freud linked everything with sex. This includes any bodily pleasure whatsoever. Thus, when Freud discusses the sexual needs of children, they are not the same kind of sexual needs that an adult would experience. Children experienced sexual gratification in different ways. Sucking their thumbs or retaining their excrement could be seen as sexual gratification for small children. Freud also specified certain areas of our body as erogenous zones. Those areas included the mouth and genitals. This all fit in to Freud's obsession with sex. An obsession that could be linked to the era that Freud lived in. It was a very conservative period in history. Sexual feelings were often repressed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freud's theory on human development could be labeled the psychosexual stages of development. Freud believed human beings passed through different stages in their life based on which part of their body gave them sexual gratification. Freud's psychosexual stages of development are five in total.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Oral stage takes place from birth to about one year. During this stage, a child is orally oriented. The mouth is the child's erogenous zone. Everything a child touches is put in his mouth. Freud believes children do this because it gives them pleasure. When a child sucks his thumb, it does so because it gives it gives him gratification. According to Freud, the gratification is sexual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory takes place

Rethinking Teaching In The Digital Age Education Essay

We live in a universe of rapid economic and technological alteration. Digital engineerings have a really strong impact on every facet of our lives, impacting how we communicate, find and provide information, concept relationships, trade and purchase goods and, critically, how we learn and teach. Now learners conveying rich experiences to the schoolroom acquired from a technologically enhanced universe. Younger scholars grow up utilizing nomadic devices, games and other electronic equipment for communicating and amusement. Mature scholars, meanwhile, are bit by bit more likely to hold internet entree at place and to utilize engineering at work. In the old ages in front, the diminishing cost of calculation will do digital engineerings handy to about everyone in all parts of the universe, from inner-city vicinities of developed states to the rural small towns in developing states. We can name it a digital age as these engineerings are transforming the lives of the people ; how and what people learn throughout their lives. It is merely similar to the â€Å" green revolution † which was made possible by the biotechnologies, now the new digital engineerings will decidedly convey â€Å" learning revolution † in instruction sector. But certain requirements are required to do learning revolution possible. These digital engineerings in instruction and peculiarly in the schoolroom will work merely when the thoughts and attacks ( traditional or conventional methods ) are transformed into constructive one. Research reveal the fact that in malice of utilizing ICT in the instruction and acquisition procedure, thoughts and attacks remain mostly unchanged. To take full advantage of new engineerings, we need to basically rethink our attacks to larning and education- and our thoughts of how new engineerings can back up them. Integrating engineering in instruction is a complex issue taking many signifiers that differ in intent. This will run from retroflexing bing educational patterns through digital media with engineering as tools, to transforming instruction to convey about new acquisition ends. The inactive 3 R ‘s should be replaced by the more dynamic 3 C ‘s of coaction, creativeness and communicating. These characteristics challenge the traditional footing for learning in schools.Learning versus Information:When people think about instruction and acquisition, they frequently think about information. It indicates our way to the conventional/behaviorist method of learning where a instructor is the beginning of information who pours his/her information into the empty vass i.e. scholars. Now, it ‘s rather natural that people see a direct connexion between computing machines and instruction. Computers permit people to convey, entree, represent, and manipulate information in many new ways . Because instruction is associated with information and computing machines are associated with information, the two seem to do a perfect matrimony. But this focal point on information is restricting and falsifying both for the field of instruction and for computing machines. If we want to take full advantage of new digital engineerings, and if we want to assist pupils go better minds and scholars, we need to travel beyond these information-centric positions of calculating and acquisition. Over the past 50 old ages, psychologists and educational research workers, constructing on the pioneering work of Jean Piaget, have come to understand that acquisition is non a simple affair of information transmittal. Teachers can non merely pour information into the caputs of scholars ; instead, larning is an active procedure in which people construct new apprehensions of the universe around them through active geographic expedition, experimentation, treatment, and contemplation. In short: people do n't acquire thoughts ; they make them. As for computing machines, they are more than merely information machines, despite the common usage of the phrase â€Å" information engineering † or â€Å" IT. † Of class, computing machines are fantastic for conveying and accessing information, but they are, more loosely, a new medium through which people can make and show. If we use computing machines merely to present information to pupils, we are losing the advanced potency of th e new engineering for transforming acquisition and instruction.Fig. 1, Learning in the Digital AgeICT is like â€Å" finger pigment † which can be used for planing and making things and merely so these digital engineerings can populate up to its potencies. Merely making and planing activities offer the greatest new larning chances with computing machines. Psychologists and philosophers like Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner and Dewey have besides shown that our best acquisition experiences come when we are engaged in planing and making things, particularly things that are meaningful either to us or others around us. When kids create images with finger pigment, for illustration, they learn how colourss mix together. When they build houses and palaces with edifice blocks, they learn about constructions and stableness. When they make watchbands with coloured beads, they learn about symmetricalnesss and forms. Like finger pigment, blocks, and beads, computing machines can besides be used as a â€Å" stuff † for doing things-and non merely by kids, but by everyone. Indeed, the computing machine is the most extraordinary building stuff of all time invented, enabling people to make anything from music picture to scientific simulations to robotic animals. Computers can be seen as a cosmopolitan building stuff, greatly spread outing what people can make and what they can larn in the procedure. Learning in a Digital Age explores ways in which engineering can assist higher instruction establishments meet the challenge of womb-to-tomb and work-based acquisition.Rethinking Teacher ‘s Function:In the recent old ages school instruction sector has realized that the instructor is the ultimate key to educational alteration and school effectivity. The instructors do non simply present the course of study, but they besides develop, define and reinterpret. It is the undertaking of instructors to undertake with the engineering and to turn their scholars to get â€Å" accomplishments of the twenty-first century † . In the current scenario, the voice of the advanced instructor in the state is hardly hearable. We still have instructors who are autocratic in nature and represent themselves as the exclusive beginning of information. These types of instructors resist altering their pedagogical patterns in malice of confronting jobs and challenges during teaching-learning procedure in the digitally turning universe. Fixing scholars for the demands of the twenty-first century requires committed, advanced instructors willing to force bing limitations. It is besides approximately efficaciously utilizing the emerging engineerings to heighten instruction and acquisition schemes. The alone and rapid alterations go oning in this field present assorted jobs for instructors who are willing to experiment with their instruction and acquisition, functions and duties, larning atmosphere and state of affairss, forms of interaction, schemes and theories, every bit good as, manners of appraisal. ICT has given new functions and duties to the instructor. ICT challenges the bing autocratic function of the instructors as the exclusive beginning of cognition and information and demands to be themselves learner foremost. Teachers themselves need to larn the new manner of acquisition, and in add-on to new ways of assisting others learn. This besides means a considerable displacement in the function of the instructor a nd in all structural facets of the school system.Fig. 2, Roles & A ; Duties of the Teacher in the Digital AgeThe greatest instructors teach of course. It flows from them like a soft rain ; they ca n't assist but learn. ICT is merely another tool in the tool chest of a good instructor. ICT expects instructors to give the pupils in-between phase in the schoolroom, supplying chances to research and ask for their acquisition. Teachers should move as ushers, facilitators and advisers, constructing linkages between their pupils ‘ single involvements and apprehensions and the common accomplishments and knowledge society expects them to get.Rethinking Learner ‘s Function:Students in a traditional schoolroom are inactive. They listen and react to the instructor ‘s direct direction. NCF, 2005 besides articulates that â€Å" kids ‘s voices and experiences do non happen look in the category. It further says that kids will larn merely in an ambiance where they feel they are valued and our schools still do non convey this to all kids † . But ICT has changed the manner pupils learn and the manners of larning they adopt. The scholar today has multiple resources available to them. They are in front of their instructors in utilizing the engineering and accessing information in assorted Fieldss. They are less dependent on instructors and prescribed text books. They build upon their bing cognition and deduce their ain significances. It has provided them freedom and flexibleness which was non available earlier. Learners have active, brooding function in this digital age.Fig. 3, Learner in the Digital ageToday ‘s kids are â€Å" turning up digital. † Their position of the universe is really different from that of grownups, thanks to exceeding entree to information, people, and thoughts across extremely synergistic media. Today ‘s kids are the latest theoretical account of human being. Looking at the universe of kids is non looking r earward at our ain past-it ‘s looking in front. They are our evolutionary hereafter. But, it besides proposes the biggest job in the teaching-learning procedure in the present digital age. A common scenario today is a schoolroom filled with digitally literate pupils being taught by linearaˆ?thinking, technologically obstructed instructors. Students have been exposed to these engineerings or similar 1s early on during their formative old ages while their instructors have merely been exposed to it merely late. As a consequence, the pupils are sometimes more capable with the engineering. In malice of this instructors are seldom given the opportunity to larn how to utilize this technologyaˆ?aˆ?teachers are given the tools, but non the cognition. Teachers progressively are larning the engineering on their ain clip. Students on the other are confident plenty to utilize these technological promotions efficaciously and they even prefer it more on traditional methods of instruction and acquisition. Learners now have freedom to research, discover and inquire whatev er they want.REFORMING Education:Now bulk of the states are acknowledging that bettering instruction is the best manner to increase wealth, enhance wellness, and keep peace. India is one of those states who have already moved towards the way of educational reform. But, these reform enterprises are superficial and incremental, and do non acquire at the bosom of the job. These enterprises included new signifiers of proving and appraisal, but leave in topographic point bing course of study and bing learning schemes. We need to transform the pedagogical attacks and functions that instructors and pupils are playing soon. Following facets needs to be believing critically and transformed if India wants to come on and travel in front in this technologically advanced universe: Rethink how people learn: We need to basically reorganise school schoolrooms. Alternatively of a centralized-control theoretical account ( with a instructor presenting information to a roomful of pupils ) , we need a constructive attack to larning. Students can go more active and independent scholars, with the instructor as facilitator and usher to the acquisition. Alternatively of spliting up the course of study into separate subjects ( math, scientific discipline, societal surveies, linguistic communication ) , there is a demand to concentrate on subjects and undertakings that cut across the subjects, taking advantage of the rich connexions among different spheres of cognition. It merely means incorporate attack. Alternatively of spliting pupils harmonizing to age, we should promote pupils of all ages to work together on undertakings, enabling them to larn from one another. Rethink what people learn: Much of what kids learn in schools today was designed for the epoch of paper-and-pencil. We need to update course of study for the digital age. One ground is obvious: Schools must fix pupils with the new accomplishments and thoughts that are needed for life and working in a digital society. Second new engineerings are altering non merely what pupils should larn, but besides what they can larn. There are many thoughts and subjects that have ever been of import but were left out of traditional school course of study because they were excessively hard to learn and larn with lone paper, pencil, books, and chalkboard. Some of these thoughts are now accessible through originative usage of new digital engineerings. Finally, and possibly most significantly, we need to transform course of study so that they focus less on â€Å" things to cognize † and more on â€Å" schemes for larning the things you do n't cognize. † As new engineerings continue to sp eed up the gait of alteration in all parts of our lives, larning to go a better scholar is far more of import than larning to multiply fractions or memorising the capitals of the universe. Rethinking Technologies: In add-on to rethinking our attacks to larning and instruction, we besides need to rethink the engineerings that we provide to immature kids. Most of the available computing machines are meant for the grownups merely but there is demand to develop such engineering that is worthy for the immature kids. Programmable bricks are such illustrations of these engineerings. Digitally manipulative blocks and faculties need to be developed and incorporated so that pupils can themselves acquire hold of their acquisition.FINAL Remark:Contemporary beliefs sing larning have moved off from cognition transmittal theoretical accounts of merely leaving information to constructive cognition theoretical accounts where cognition is constructed. In the procedure of intending doing, engineering is roped in to back up the communicating and building of new cognition ensuing in new acquisition. The function of ICT in instruction can be seen as larning about, larning with and larning t hrough ICT. ICT or digital age resources today offer great chances in instruction sector and particularly to our schools for the beneficiary function they provide in information, acquisition and research. It clearly states that instructors should be digitally literate in order to utilize these ICT resources and tools. Existing traditional patterns and functions needfully be changed by the usage of engineering in the schoolroom. Teachers must be a facilitator and direct the pupils towards the right way where as pupils should be provided with the freedom to research, discover and inquire. Resources should be made available to the schools in order to carry through this aim and instructors must be educated digitally. It means, course of study of instructor instruction will finally be transformed into ICT based course of study and explorative pedagogical patterns. Constructivism has already emerged as the new educational theory and engineering will follow it in pattern as it emphasizes o n collaborative acquisition, real-world undertakings with reliable appraisals with pupils accepting duty for their ain acquisition. Teacher developing course of study besides need to be redesigned as instructors should themselves be learner and digitally educated to be capable of utilizing these ICT tools. Success in the hereafter will be based non on how much we know, but on our ability to believe and move creatively. The detonation of digital engineerings has established the demand for originative thought in all facets of our lives, and has besides provided tools that can assist us better and reinvent ourselves. Children should play a cardinal function in this passage to the â€Å" Creative Society † . Childhood is one of the most originative periods of our lives. We must do certain that kids ‘s creativeness is nourished and developed, and we must assist kids larn how to widen and polish their originative abilities, so that the creativeness of childhood persists and grows throughout life. To accomplish these ends will necessitate new attacks to instruction and acquisition and internal inspiration and support system from our instruction system every bit good as the preparedness to alter and larn from everyone even from the pupils.REFRENCES:Anderson, L. and Krathwohl, D. ( 2000 ) : Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom ‘s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Allyn & A ; Bacon: New York. Bruner, J. ( 1966 ) : The procedure of instruction ; Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Burden, K. ( 2010 ) : ‘Conceptualizing instructors ‘ professional acquisition with Web 2.0 ‘ , Campus-Wide Information Systems 27, no. 3: 148-161. A Churchill, D. ( 2006 ) : Teacher ‘s private theories and their design of technology-based acquisition ; British Journal of Educational Technology, 37 ( 4 ) : p. 559-576. Dewey, J. ( 1938 ) : Education and experience ; New York: Macmillan. Dewey, J. ( 1956 ) : The kid and the course of study ; Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Dey, B. , Saxena, K.M. & A ; Gihar, S. ( 2005 ) , Information and Communication Technology and teacher Education: An empirical survey: The Journal of Education, Vol. 1 ( 2 ) , pp.60-63 Ellis, V. ( 2007 ) : Taking Capable Knowledge Seriously: From Professional Knowledge Recipes to Complex Conceptualizations of Teacher Development, The Curriculum Journal 18, 3: 447 – 462 Gardner, H. ( 1983 ) : Frames of head: A theory of multiple intelligences ; Basic Books: New York. Glaserfeld, V. ( 1989 ) : Constructivism in instruction ; Pergamon Press: England. Jonesaˆ?Kavalier, B. , Flannigan, S. ( 2006 ) : Connecting the Digital Dots: Literacy of the twenty-first Century ; Educause Quarterly, 29 ( 2 ) , 1aˆ?3. Leask, M. & A ; Paschler, N. ( 2003 ) , larning to learn utilizing ICT in the secondary schools, Routledge: London. National Curriculum Framework ( 2005 ) : National Council of Educational Research and Training: New Delhi. Piaget, J. ( 1973 ) : To understand is to contrive ; New York: Grossman. Piaget, J. ( 1926 ) : The linguistic communication and idea of the kid ; London: Routledge & A ; Kegan. Vygotsky, L. ( 1962 ) : Thought and linguistic communication ; Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Vygotsky, L. S. ( 1978 ) : Mind in society ; Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. Woolfolk, A. ( 2007 ) : Educational Psychology ( 10th Edition ) ; Canada: Pearson Publishers.